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Objective To investigate the image quality of head and neck CT angiography (CTA)using the third-generation dual-source CT combined with 70 kV tube voltage and 20-25 ml contrast medium (CM),and evaluate the effects of venous artifacts arising from the CM on the ipsilateral side of injection. Methods Totally 40 consecutive patients with suspected vascular diseases and body weight lower than 75 kg prospectively underwent head and neck CTA examination using the third-generation dual-source CT. CTA was performed with a third-generation dual-source CT system. Patients were randomly divived into 70 kV group (n=20)and 100 kV group (n=20). The 70 kV group used 20-25 ml CM and advanced modeled iterative reconstruction technique,and the 100 kV group used 40 ml CM and filtered back projection. Venous artifacts and CM residues were evaluated by a 3-point scale (1=excellent,3=poor),respectively. Results The effective dose of 70 kV group decreased 58% compared to 100 kV group (t=-18.14,P<0.001).In the 70 kV group,16 patients (80.0%)presented with venous artifacts and six of them (37.5%,6/16)affected the adjacent arteries. In the 100 kV group,19 patients (95.0%)presented with venous artifacts,and seven of them (36.8%,7/19)affected the adjacent arteries (Z=-0.878,P=0.380). In the 70 kV group,13 patients (65.0%)presented with obvious CM residues and two of them (15.3%,2/13)prolonged into the superior vena cava (SVC). In the 100 kV group,19 patients(95.0%)presented with obvious CM residues,and thirteen of them(68.4%,13/19)prolonged into the SVC (Z=-3.654,P<0.001). Conclusion Compared with the 100 kV,the third-generation dual-source CT for head and neck CTA,combined with 70 kV and 20-25 ml CM,can remarkably decrease the radiation dose,along with reduced CM residues and comparable venous artifacts.
Subject(s)
Humans , Artifacts , Body Weight , Computed Tomography Angiography , Methods , Contrast Media , Head , Diagnostic Imaging , Neck , Diagnostic Imaging , Radiation Dosage , Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-AssistedABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the radiation dose and image quality of the third-generation dual-source CT using automated tube voltage adaptation (CARE kV) in temporal bone scanning in pediatric patients with hearing impairment. Methods Totally 27 children with hearing impairment less than 18 years old were randomly divided into two groups:Group A (n=14),examined with CARE kV (reference with 100 kV and 214 mA)and sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction;and Group B (n=13),examined with CARE kV (reference with 100 kV and 171 mA)and advanced modeled iterative reconstruction. The scan range was from eyebrow to the end of the mastoid process. CT values and image noise were measured.The signal to noise ratio (SNR)was calculated. Subjective image quality was assessed by two radiologists and later in a consensus reading. Results There was no significant difference in CT value,image noise,and SNR between these two groups (all P>0.05). Also,the subjective scores of the 10 anatomical structures showed no significant difference (all P>0.05). The CT dose index volume and dose-length product were (11.62+1.92)mGy and (106.92+37.48)mGy·cm,respectively,in group B and (21.28+2.19)mGy (t=12.15,P<0.001)and (229.65+56.26)mGy·cm (t=6.62,P<0.001)in group A,decreased by 45% and 53%. Conclusion Compared with the second-generation dual-source CT,the third-generation dual-source CT for the scanning of temporal bone with CARE kV can ensure image quality and reduce radiation dose.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Hearing Loss , Diagnosis , Radiation Dosage , Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted , Signal-To-Noise Ratio , Temporal Bone , Diagnostic Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the mechanism of hepatic autophagy inhibition induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in the aging liver.Methods The healthy male Lewis rats aged 3 months (3M) and 24 months (24M) were selected,and then were randomly divided into 3M IRI group,3M sham operation group,24M IRI group,24M sham operation group.In the experimental group,noninvasive vascular clamp was used to clamp the left and middle hepatic lobes (about 70o％ hepatic ischemia).The liver was subjected to ischemia at 37 0.5℃ for 30min and reperfusion for 6h.The hepatic duodenal ligament was dissected only by sham operation.The serum levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured at 6 h after operation.Liver tissues of each group were examined by liver pathology and the number of autophagosome of LC3B in liver tissue of each group was observed under confocal microscopy.The changes of autophagyrelated protein were analyzed by Western blotting.Results The levels of serum ALT and AST in 24M IRI group were significantly higher than those in 3M IRI group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Pathological analysis showed that 3M IRI group showed spotty necrosis,the 24M IRI group showed massive necrosis and the infiltration of the inflammatory cells;Confocal microscopy showed that the number of autophagosome in the liver tissue of the 24M sham group was slightly lower than that of the 3M sham operation group and the number of autophagosome in the 24M IRI group was significantly lower than that in the 3M IRI group (P＜0.05).The levels of autophagyrelated proteins (Beclin1 and ATG4B protein) in 24M IRI group were significantly down-regulated compare to 3M IRI group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The ischemia-reperfusion injury of liver in aged rats inhibits autophagy,and its mechanism may be related to the decrease of autophagy-related protein level in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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A novel unsaturated polyphosphoester (UPPE) was devised in our previous research, which is a kind of promising scaffold for improving bone regeneration. However, the polymerization process of UPPE scaffolds was unfavorable, which may adversely affect the bioactivity of osteoinductive molecules added if necessary, such as recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP2). The purpose of this study was to build a kind of optimal scaffold named UPPE-PLGA-rhBMP2 (UPB) and to investigate the bioactivity of rhBMP2 in this scaffold. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of UPB scaffold was assessed in vitro. A W1/O/W2 method was used to fabricate PLGA-rhBMP2 microspheres, and then the microspheres were added to UPPE for synthesizing UPB scaffold. The morphological characters of PLGA-rhBMP2 microspheres and UPB scaffolds were observed under the scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The cumulative release of UPB scaffolds was detected by using ELISA. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of UPB scaffolds were evaluated through examining the adsorption and apoptosis of bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs) seeded on the surface of UPB scaffolds. The bioactivity of rhBMP2 in UPB scaffolds was assessed through measuring the alkaline phosphates (ALP) activity in bMSCs seeded. The results showed that UPB scaffolds sequentially exhibited burst and sustained release of rhBMP2. The cytotoxicity was greatly reduced when the scaffolds were immersed in buffer solution for 2 h. bMSCs attached and grew on the surface of soaked UPB scaffolds, exerting well biocompatibility. The ALP activity of bMSCs seeded was significantly enhanced, indicating that the bioactivity of rhBMP2 remained and still took effect after the unfavorable polymerization process of scaffolds. It was concluded that UPB scaffolds have low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility and preserve bioactivity of rhBMP2. UPB scaffolds are promising in improving bone regeneration.
ABSTRACT
A novel unsaturated polyphosphoester (UPPE) was devised in our previous research, which is a kind of promising scaffold for improving bone regeneration. However, the polymerization process of UPPE scaffolds was unfavorable, which may adversely affect the bioactivity of osteoinductive molecules added if necessary, such as recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP2). The purpose of this study was to build a kind of optimal scaffold named UPPE-PLGA-rhBMP2 (UPB) and to investigate the bioactivity of rhBMP2 in this scaffold. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of UPB scaffold was assessed in vitro. A W1/O/W2 method was used to fabricate PLGA-rhBMP2 microspheres, and then the microspheres were added to UPPE for synthesizing UPB scaffold. The morphological characters of PLGA-rhBMP2 microspheres and UPB scaffolds were observed under the scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The cumulative release of UPB scaffolds was detected by using ELISA. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of UPB scaffolds were evaluated through examining the adsorption and apoptosis of bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs) seeded on the surface of UPB scaffolds. The bioactivity of rhBMP2 in UPB scaffolds was assessed through measuring the alkaline phosphates (ALP) activity in bMSCs seeded. The results showed that UPB scaffolds sequentially exhibited burst and sustained release of rhBMP2. The cytotoxicity was greatly reduced when the scaffolds were immersed in buffer solution for 2 h. bMSCs attached and grew on the surface of soaked UPB scaffolds, exerting well biocompatibility. The ALP activity of bMSCs seeded was significantly enhanced, indicating that the bioactivity of rhBMP2 remained and still took effect after the unfavorable polymerization process of scaffolds. It was concluded that UPB scaffolds have low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility and preserve bioactivity of rhBMP2. UPB scaffolds are promising in improving bone regeneration.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Bone Regeneration , Lactic Acid , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Polyglycolic Acid , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Tissue ScaffoldsABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the intestinal motor function (distal colonic manometry and gastrointestinal transit time) after T. spiralis infection in rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were infected by administering T. spiralis larvae. Rats were studied on 14, 42, and 56 days post infection (PI). Age matched non infected animals served as controls. All rats underwent colonic manometry and gastrointestinal transit time test. Results: (1) The small intestinal inflammation became the most severe on day 14 PI, and returned to normal on day 56. (2) The distal colonic manometry showed significantly active motility in acute infected rats either at rest or upon balloon stimulating. (3) Rat colonic motility parameters were not different from those of the control rats either at rest or upon small volume (1mL) balloon stimulating on day 42 and day 56 PI. But when the balloon was inflated with 2 mL of air, the colonic activity increased significantly compared with that of the control. (4) Gastrointestinal transit time was slower in acute and PI rats than that in the control group. Conclusion: Intestinal motility function was abnormal persistently after transient intestinal nematode infection in rats either in distal colonic manometry or in gastrointestinal transit time.
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Objective Cervical reserve cells are the maternal cells of cervical neoplasia. It's proliferation and origin were studied. Methods The pathological morphology of cervical reserve cell proliferating was observed by light microscopy in 238 cases of cervical benign diseases; Immunohistochemical technology of CD44v5 was used to inspect the expression of cervical reserve cells in 54 cases. Results and Conclusion 1.Reserve cell proliferation was common in most cases of cervical benign diseases and it was originated from stroma; 2 The proliferating reserve cells were composed of four types:large cells, small cells, clear cells and spindle cells; 3The expression of CD44v5 in reserve cells showed 100% strongly positive. The cells proliferation was common in begin diseases of cervix; Reserve cells possibly were originated from stroma.